You will extend!


- a 'Freelance Informer' legal article from Roger Sinclair


‘I’m 6 weeks away from the end of my contract.  I’ve had a letter from the agent, saying that the Client wants to extend for another 6 months, and that if I continue to work then I will be bound by the extension.  I haven’t yet made my mind up about whether or not to extend, and am concerned about the IR35.’

 

This question raises various issues.  The first is whether or not the letter should be treated as meaning what it says, and how you should respond to it.  The second concerns the general basis on which extensions should be arranged by the wise contractor, to take account of IR35.

 

Start here:  you already have a contract, under which you are currently working.  The contract itself says that any amendment shall be writing and signed by both parties.  However, it also goes on to say that you are deemed to have agreed any amendment where they give you notice of it, and you go on providing services after receiving the notice.

 

Let’s consider the general position first.  There are various requirements for the formation of a contract - (1) consensus ad idem – a clear agreement on all the material terms of the contract;  (2) consideration – each party putting something into the arrangement;  and (3) a mutual intent to be legally bound by the terms.

 

A variation to the terms of a contract – whether an extension, or some other kind of variation – is itself a contract, and so has exactly the same requirements.  And it is clear law that if you try to impose a contract on someone by saying eg ‘If you do not respond then I will take it as agreed’ then, in the absence of some fact from which one can infer that the recipient actually agreed to the terms, and of some act which clearly indicated intent to agree to be bound by it, the attempt simply will not work – there will be no contract, or (as here) no variation.

 

The letter may show all the material terms of the change (the new dates);  and (if accepted) there will be consideration.  But where (if you do not respond to the letter) is the indication of your agreement, or of any intent by you to be legally bound its terms?  I cannot see that simply continuing to perform the contact indicates anything other than agreement or intent to do just that – to perform the existing contract.  Certainly not agreement to, or intent to be legally bound by, changes to it.

 

Looking at this particular contract, we have an additional requirement for variations to be in writing and signed by both parties;  there is thus a good argument that written acceptance would be required, before the extension became binding on you.

 

Is this position altered by the term saying that you are deemed to have agreed any amendment where you go on providing services after receiving notice of it?  If this were a valid term then it would be outrageous.  Take it to extremes – if the law were to interpret it as meaning what it said, then it would set a framework whereby the agency could reduce the rate to £1 per hour, or make any other changes it pleased.  You have made a commitment to provide certain services for a specified period and on terms which you had agreed.  Any of the terms which you had negotiated could thus be nullified by the agency at a stroke.  The agency could simply say that by continuing to work, you were deemed to accept.

 

And therein lies the flaw, and the reason why in my opinion, there are grave doubts about the validity of the term.  What would you do if you did not agree?  If you continue to work, then the agency could claim you had accepted the change.  But if you stop working, leaving aside the fact that you may not want to do so, then you yourself would be in breach of contract.  Your continuing to work cannot therefore be any indication of acceptance.  So I think it very unlikely that this term has any validity.

 

So far as IR35 is concerned, the Revenue suggest that long periods working for any particular client may be an employment pointer.  As with so much of their so-called ‘guidance’, it is simplistic, and I doubt it is a correct statement of the law – long periods may be no more than sound business management, itself a non-employment pointer.  But we want to avoid waving red flags at the Revenue where we can, and in my view it would be much wiser to have a completely fresh contract, rather than an extension of the existing.  And, ideally, the services should be described differently, where this is justified by the facts – perhaps you are now working on a different project?

 

It seems to me that in this case you should respond to the agency straightaway, in writing, and say that you have not yet made up your mind as to whether or not to agree an extension, or (if you decide you do want to extend) then on what terms you would be willing to do so.  I think that, given the contract term, you should also expressly say that your continuing to work from now on may not be interpreted as anything other than continuing to perform your existing contractual obligations.  You might also say that any contractual term which might seem to suggest that any other interpretation could be placed on your continuing to provide services under the contract is not accepted as having any validity. 

 

And if you do decide to accept, then you should insist on a completely fresh contract;  if the services being provided have changed in any way, then this should be reflected in the new contract.

7th July 2000


I'd really appreciate your feedback on this FAQ - so mail me and tell me what you think of it, if it's been useful to you, or let me know of any specific problem you have where I may be able to help.

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