Hoist by its own petard


- a 'Freelance Informer' legal article from Roger Sinclair


‘After 3 months working on a 6 month contract, the Project Manager said the project was being put on ice as a result of lack of budget.  The agency wrote the next day simply saying that the contract was terminated straightaway.  I sent an invoice for the 4 week notice period, which the agency refuses to pay – and now the agency claims they terminated the contract under a provision giving them the right to do so without notice if the Client proves to their satisfaction that my services are unsatisfactory, and because I haven’t produced signed timesheets for the notice period.’

 

It’s clear that the contract was for the full 6 month period, subject only to (1) an express right of termination by either you or the agency on 28 days notice, and (2) a term giving them the right to terminate ‘if the Client proves to the agency’s satisfaction that the contractor’s services are unsatisfactory’.

 

When the agency wrote and told you that the contract was being terminated immediately, they did not refer to either of these terms, and neither did they make any claim that you were in any way at fault.  They simply made clear to you that – so far as they were concerned – the contract was at an end, and that they no longer intended to honour their part of it.  It was only sometime afterwards – and after receiving your invoice for payment in lieu of notice - that they claimed to have been entitled to terminate under the ‘unsatisfactory services’ provision.

 

The next question is, does the fact that the initial letter made no reference to the ‘unsatisfactory services’ claim prevent them from claiming that termination was in fact under that provision?  We should sidestep this – maybe it does, and maybe it doesn’t - but even if it does (and therefore if this alone proves that the agency was in breach of contract because of the way in which they terminated, simply because they didn’t give the reason at the time) it wouldn’t help you – if they could have terminated at the time under the ‘unsatisfactory services’ bit, then your damages will be limited to what they would have had to pay if they had in fact done so.  Pyrrhic victory – we prove breach of contract, but they can still raise the same issues to argue the question of damages.

 

The first major factor pointing in your favour is credibility;  the fact that they did not make any claim of ‘unsatisfactory services’ until well after termination, until after receiving your own invoice, certainly suggests the ‘unsatisfactory services’ claim to be no more than a later fiction, only dreamt up for the first time when they realize you are actually claiming money from them.  You may ask yourself, if they honestly thought they had grounds to terminate for your own breach, why on earth did they not say so at the time?  Does not the fact that they did not do so suggest that they did not in fact think they had such grounds at the time?  This is the simple and compelling logic of human behaviour, and these are certainly questions that a judge hearing the case will expect credible answers to.

 

The second major factor is the way the term itself is worded – ‘IF the Client proves to the Agents satisfaction that the Contractor’s services are unsatisfactory, THEN the agency may terminate without notice.’  A conditional statement.  The condition must be satisfied before the right to terminate can arise.  If the condition is not satisfied, then no right to terminate can arise.  Unless the agency can show that the condition was satisfied BEFORE the termination letter, then they COULD NOT have terminated lawfully.  So the agency would have to prove not only that your services in fact were satisfactory, but also that the Client had actually proved that to them BEFORE the termination letter. 

 

And it gets better:  it seems to me that the agency, by their choice of the wording for this term, has taken on itself the role of being judge and jury.  People who accept that role generally find themselves bound by basic principles called ‘natural justice’ – these include telling you what the allegations actually are, and giving you the chance to reply BEFORE making their decision.  And we know THAT didn’t happen.  So I would say that the agency here has rather hoist itself by its own petard.

 

Finally, let’s look at the timesheet issue:  timesheets are no more than a record of time worked, and the client’s signature on the timesheet may be taken as the Client’s acceptance that the times are accepted as accurate.

 

Here, you are not claiming to be paid for hours worked – you are claiming for hours which you would have worked, had the Agency honoured the contract.  But your position is that you were in fact prevented from working those hours, because the agency was in breach of contract.  So your claim to be paid for the notice period is in fact a claim for damages for breach of contract, with the amount of those damages assessed at the amount which will place you in the position in which you would have been, had the agency not broken the contract. 

 

I take it that you did your best to mitigate your losses by trying to get another contract as soon as possible, but were unable to find one which started before the end of the 28 day period.  You will know from my previous articles that if you had succeeded in doing so, then you would have to give credit against your damages claim for sums received under that contract.  So, clearly, since you are not claiming for periods actually worked, there can be no question of a timesheet being required.

 

13th October 2000


I'd really appreciate your feedback on this FAQ - so mail me and tell me what you think of it, if it's been useful to you, or let me know of any specific problem you have where I may be able to help.

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